WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT- A PATHFINDER
suffrage parade
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"The first American women's rights convention was held in 1848 at Seneca Falls, New York. At that convention, the delegates adopted a platform that called for a broad range of social, economic, legal, and political reforms that would dramatically raise the status of women in American life. To the surprise of most of us today, the demand for women's right to vote (called woman suffrage) was the most controversial reform proposed at the convention. From the time it was first formally proposed in 1848, gaining the right to vote took the women's movement 72 years of struggle to achieve" (National Womens History Museum).  On August 26, 1920, with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, American Women gained the right to vote.  Millions of women participated in the suffrage movement , these women planned, organized, lectured, wrote, marched, petitioned, lobbied, and paraded.  National Women's History Museum: Political Culture and Imagery of American Woman  Suffrage, http://www.nmwh.org/exhibits/intro.html.

What is a pathfinder?
  A pathfinder is a tool or a guide to assist students doing research. This Pathfinder was created and designed for high school students researching the The Women's Suffrage Movement. This pathfinder leads students to several types of resources including:  encyclopedias, electronic encyclopedias, journals/magazines, documentaries/video and websites.   Students should use this pathfinder as a starting point and keep in mind that many other resources are available on this topic. 

Search Terms-  Try these subject terms in the library catalog or use the numbers to browse the book stacks.
Suffragists - 324.3,  Women--Suffrage 324.623, Women's rights 305.42, Women--Civil Rights 323.34.
More Search Terms- Try searching using the leaders of the movement, major events or associations.
Leaders of the Movement
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Lucretia Mott
Susan B Anthony
Carrie Chapman Catt
Alice Paul
Sojourner Truth
Major Events
First Womens Rights Convention
Seneca Falls Convention
Womens Suffrage Amendment
19th Amendment
Equal Rights Amendment
Associations/Organizations
National Woman Suffrage Association  (NWSA)

American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA)
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
 Encyclopedias - Use these sources to get basic background information on the movement.
Womens Voices: A Documentary History of Women in America,  U*X*L/Gale, 1997.
Encyclopedia of Women in American History, M.E. Sharpe, 2002.

International Encyclopedia of Women's Suffrage, Oxford, 2001. 

Electronic Encylopedias - 
Plug into these databases using  Access PA , Power Library.
Biography Reference Bank, HW Wilson , 2002. Offers articles from biographical reference books and  full- text magzines articles. 
American History,  Facts On File, Inc., 2003.  Includes
biographies,  primary sources ( in their own words) , timelines and images.
Multi-Media Archive, AccuNet AP, Assocated Press, 2003.  Provides photos, text, audio and graphics.




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picketing the white house

Books - Use books to get more in-depth information on different aspects of the movement.
Bausum, Ann. With Courage and Cloth:  Winning the Fight for a Woman's Right to Vote. National Geographic, 2004. This book includes some never-before-published photos and an interesting layout.  The author helps researchers by giving them a listing of all of the sources used for each chapter.  Useful  features include:  profiles, resource guide,  and index.
Burner, Joyce Adams, Women's Suffrage. Gale/Greenhaven, 2000.  This book Includes photographs and full text of 25 important speeches.  In addition,  it includes information on the anti-suffragists (women who did not want the vote) and African-American Suffragists.
Helmer, Diana Star, Women Suffragists, Facts on File, 1998.  A collective biography of important American Women who fought for the female right to vote including:  Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony and Sojourner Truth. 
Meyers, Madeleine, ed.  Forward into light: the struggle for woman's suffrage, Discovery Enterprises, 1994. This books features a collection of journals, newsclips, historic photos, poems, songs, essays and political cartoons.

Journals/Magazine Articles-   Journal articles can help you find potential research topics by focusing in on specific ideas.
Use Access PA, Power Library to find these articles- Click on EBSCOHost, click on EBSCOHost Web, click on MasterFILE Premier. 

Adare, Sierra. Wyoming's women got the vote first---way back in 1869,  Wild West, Oct 97, Vol. 10 Iss. 3. p24.
Burkhalter, Nancy. Women's magazines and the suffrage movement:  Did they help or hinder the cause, Journal of American Culture, Summer 96, Vol. 19, Iss. 2, p13. 
Elshtain, Jean. What feminists could learn from Ms. Anthony-75 years ago, the suffragists convinced a nation.  But how do their claims about vomen's voting hold up today?, Civilization, Nov/Dec 95, Vol. 2 Iss. 6. , p50.
McCammon, Holly.  "Out of the parlors and into the streets": The changing  tactics repertoire of the U.S. women's suffrage movements , Social Forces, March 2003, Vol. 81 iss 3.
Moore, Sarah. Making a spectacle of suffrage: The National Woman Suffrage Pagent, 1913, Journal of American Culture, Spring 97, Vol. 20 Iss. 1 p89.
Zackodnik, Teresa . "I Don't Know How you will feel when I get Through ": Racial Difference, Woman's Rights and Sojourner Truth, Feminist Studies, Spring 2004. Vol. 30 Iss. 1. p49.ild West, Oct 97, Vol. 10 Iss. 3. p24.

Documentaries/ Video 
Not for ourselves alone,  producers Ken Burns & Paul Barnes, PBS Video, 2000. " Recount the trials, tribulations and triumphs of 
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony as they strive to
give birth to the women’s movement."
One Woman, One Vote, PBS video, 1995.  "
America called itself the world's greatest democracy, but denied the right to vote to more than half of its citizens.  Relive the story of the suffrage movement."
Iron Clad Angels, HBO Films, 2003. "
Focusing on the two defiant women, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns, the film shows how these activists broke from the mainstream women's-rights movement and created a more radical wing, daring to push the boundaries of political protest to secure women's voting rights."

Websites
Library of Congress American Memory: Selections from the National American Woman Suffrage Association              http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/naw/nawshome.html
Library of Congress American Memory: By Popular Demand-"Votes for Women" Suffrage Pictures, 1850-1920
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/vfwhtml/vfwhome.html
National Women's History Project: Living the Legacy:The Women's Rights Movement 1848 - 1998, http://www.legacy98.org/ 
National Women's History Museum:  Political Culture and Imagery Of American Woman Suffrage, http://www.nmwh.org/exhibits/intro.html