Worldly Philadelphian
In case you're interested in history beyond Philadelphia...
You can certainly use many of the tools described with respect to Philadelphia, but here are some others.
Archival tools:
World Digital Library (UNESCO, et al)
http://www.wdl.org/enGlobal Gateway (Library of Congress)
http://international.loc.gov/intldl/intldlhome.htmlReady, 'Net, Go! Archival Internet Resources
http://www.tulane.edu/%7Elmiller/ArchivesResources.htmlUNESCO (United Nations) Archive Portal
http://www.unesco.org/webworld/portal_archivesEurodocs
http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Main_Page
Resources to find libraries:
Internet Public Library
http://www.ipl.org/The WWW Virtual Library
http://vlib.org/National Library Catalogues Worldwide
http://www.library.uq.edu.au/natlibs/World Wide Web Library Directory
http://travelinlibrarian.info/libdir/
Libraries around the world (for example):
British Library
http://www.bl.uk/Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
http://www.ddb.de/Harvard University
http://lib.harvard.edu/La Sorbonne
http://www.paris-sorbonne.fr/en/spip.php?rubrique53
Other tips:
• look for archives local to your topic (city or state or university) and search those
• look for the national library or archives of the relevant country
• try google: google books, google scholar, and carefully chosen keywords in regular google