MCP HAHNEMANN UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF ARTS & SCIENCES

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II EXAMINATION 3

April 22, 1999

DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 1-30: SELECT THE SINGLE BEST ANSWER AND DARKEN THE APPROPRIATE CIRCLE ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET. (TWO POINTS EACH)

1. The connective tissue of the renal capsule



1. forms the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule.
2. also covers the urethra.
3. forms the renal cortex.
4. forms the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule.
5. None of the above



2. The renal artery



1. is posterior to the renal vein.
2. is the site of reabsorption of filtered solutes.
3. is anterior to the renal vein.
4. takes filtered blood away from the glomerulus.
5. is an unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta.



3. Perirenal fat



1. lies deep to the renal fascia.
2. surrounds the renal capsule.
3. helps protect the kidney.
4. contains adipose tissue.
5. All of the above



4. Which of the following statements about the transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule is TRUE?



1. It results from active transport.
2. The rate of the transfer is completely under voluntary control.
3. It is mainly a consequence of blood pressure which is force-filtering the fluid.
4. Large molecules are transferred as easily as small ones.
5. The transfer moves red blood cells into the lumen of the nephron.



5. If a body cell is placed in pure water, the cell will



1. lose its water to the surrounding hypertonic solution.
2. remain unchanged since pure water is isotonic to the cell.
3. gain water from the surrounding hypotonic solution.
4. gain water from the surrounding hyperosmotic solution.
5. None of the above



6. Using the following values, calculate the NET FILTRATION PRESSURE.
   
   

   Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure = 35 mm Hg
   Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure = 9 mm Hg
   Glomerular Blood Hydrostatic Pressure = 56 mm Hg

1. 10 mm Hg
2. 12 mm Hg
3. 44 mm Hg
4. 30 mm Hg
5. There is not enough information to calculate the NFP.



7. If you were lost at sea with nothing to drink but sea water, you would



1. be able to survive by not drinking the sea water because the kidneys would stop producing urine in about 24 hours.
2. be able to survive by drinking the sea water since the excess salt would block sodium pumps.
3. be glad that you packed that bottle of tequila.
4. be glad that your decreased blood volume will inhibit thirst.
5. be history, unless you were rescued soon.



8. As filtrate flows down the descending limb of the loop of Henle, the filtrate



1. gets more dilute as water is pumped in.
2. gets more concentrated as water moves out.
3. gets more concentrated as sodium is pumped in.
4. loses proteins to fluid surrounding the loop.
5. does not change.



9. If the afferent arteriole is constricted



1. the glomerular filtration rate increases.
2. the net filtration pressure increases.
3. the glomerular filtration rate drops.
4. more blood will be trapped in the glomerulus.
5. Statements A and D are both CORRECT



10. The pH of pure water is



1. neutral because there are no ions in pure water.
2. neutral because water dissociates into one acid and one base.
3. increased by the addition of protons.
4. zero because water dissociates into one acid and one base.
5. reduced when bicarbonate ions are added to the water.



11. Concerning kidney tubule reabsorption,



1. most of what was filtered gets reabsorbed
2. active transport of water is involved
3. it is driven by returning salts to the kidney tubule
4. sodium moves into blood by simple diffusion
5. All of the above



12. Angiotensin II



1. dilates efferent arterioles.
2. is used to treat high blood pressure.
3. triggers secretion of aldosterone.
4. inhibits ADH.
5. All of the above



13. If the collecting duct is made more permeable to water, the



1. blood volume would go down.
2. blood pressure would go up.
3. urine would become more dilute.
4. glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure would go down.
5. blood pressure would go down.



14. Tubular secretion



1. occurs across filtration slits.
2. raises the protein concentration of the urine.
3. helps prevent acidosis.
4. prevents loss of protons from blood.
5. None of the above



15. Which of the following would be affected by a drug which made the ascending limb of the loop of Henle impermeable to salts?



1. The water permeability of the collecting ducts
2. The concentration gradient in the fluid surrounding the loop of Henle
3. Glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule
4. The overall length of the loop of Henle
5. Nothing would be affected, since the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is ALREADY impermeable to salts.



16. ADH



1. increases sodium pumps in the distal convoluted tubule.
2. is synthesized in the adrenal medulla.
3. stimulates the pituitary to release aldosterone.
4. acts as a base to help buffer urine.
5. None of the above



17. If you hold your breath for one minute, the likely consequence would be



1. an increase in the pH of the blood.
2. an increase in blood proteins.
3. a decrease in the acidity of the blood.
4. a decrease in the pH of the blood.
5. no change in the pH of the blood.



18. Carbonic acid dissociates into



1. carbon dioxide and water.
2. carbon dioxide and a proton.
3. a proton and a bicarbonate ion.
4. two phosphate buffers.
5. Carbonic acid DOES NOT dissociate.



19. A patient with emphysema risks



1. metabolic alkalosis.
2. respiratory acidosis.
3. respiratory alkalosis.
4. metabolic acidosis.
5. All of the above



20. Which of the following would produce a DILUTE urine?



1. Excess ADH
2. More urea secretion by collecting duct
3. Increased water permeability of descending limb of loop of Henle
4. Inhibition of ADH
5. Smaller podocytes in the renal pelvis



21. Which of the following statements regarding the act of swallowing is FALSE?



1. The "oral phase" is voluntary.
2. The esophageal phase is involuntary.
3. The soft palate and uvula close off the nasopharynx.
4. The epiglottis helps prevent food from entering the larynx.
5. The lower esophageal sphincter closes.



22. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?



1. Glycogen storage
2. Bile synthesis
3. Detoxification of toxic substances
4. Storage and concentration of bile
5. Lipid and protein metabolism



23. Hepatic sinusoids receive blood from the



1. hepatic artery and vein.
2. hepatic portal vein and hepatic vein.
3. hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein.
4. inferior vena cava.
5. only the hepatic portal vein.



24. Permanent ridges in the mucosa of the small intestine which increase its surface area are called



1. villi.
2. microvilli.
3. rugae.
4. plica circularis.
5. epiploic appendages.



25. Which of the following viscera is a retroperitoneal organ?



1. Stomach
2. Pancreas
3. Transverse colon
4. Spleen
5. Jejunum



26. In which of the following sites does the largest amount of water absorption occur?



1. Stomach.
2. Large intestine.
3. Rectum.
4. Anus.
5. Liver.



27. An anatomical feature of the large intestine are



1. villi.
2. microvilli.
3. rugae.
4. taenia coli.
5. plica circularis.



28. Which of the following statements regarding protein digestion is TRUE?



1. Chemical digestion of proteins begins in the oral cavity.
2. Chemical digestion of proteins is completed in the large intestine.
3. Bile is required for protein digestion.
4. Brush border enzymes convert proteins to usable amino acids.
5. The end products of protein digestion are absorbed into the lacteals.



29. Which of the following will occur following vagal stimulation?



1. Gastric emptying decreases.
2. The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.
3. The defecation reflex is initiated.
4. The external anal sphincter relaxes.
5. None of the above occur.



30. Which of the following chemical groups is digested by enzymes contained in pancreatic juice?



1. Lipids
2. Proteins
3. Nucleic acids
4. Carbohydrates
5. All of the above

DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 31-38: SELECT "A" IF THE STATEMENT IS TRUE AND SELECT "B" IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE. (ONE POINT EACH)

Considering the secretion of saliva,

31. The overwhelming majority of saliva is water.



32. The sympathetic nervous system inhibits salivary secretion.



33. Saliva initiates the chemical digestion of carbohydrates.



34. Lingual lipase is secreted by the sublingual gland.

Considering the physiology of stomach digestion,

35. The intestinal phase of gastric digestion inhibits the secretion of gastric juices.



36. The pylorus of the stomach is primarily a storage site for food, in which only limited mixing of the food with gastric juices occurs.



37. The gastric and cephalic phases of gastric digestion are excitatory to digestion.



38. Distention of the duodenum initiates an inhibitory sympathetic response to slow down gastric emptying.

DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 39-50: MATCH THE ITEMS BELOW WITH THE NUMBERED STATEMENTS. ITEMS MAY BE USED ONCE, MORE THAN ONCE OR NOT AT ALL. (ONE POINT EACH)

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa
5. None of the above

39. Peristalsis
40. Mesentery
41. Myenteric plexus
42. Internal anal sphincter

1. Gastrin
2. Secretin
3. Pepsin (pepsinogen)
4. Gastric Inhibitory Protein
5. Cholecystokinin

43. A component of gastric juice
44. Stimulates gastric juice secretion
45. Stimulates liver to produce a secretion that is rich in HCO3^-
46. Stimulates pancreas to secrete pancreatic enzymes

1. Chief cells
2. Parietal cells
3. Goblet cells
4. G-cells
5. Absorptive cells

47. Stimulate the secretion of HCl
48. Single-cell, mucus-secreting glands
49. Brush border enzymes
50. Secrete HCl

DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 51-60: REFER TO THE INDICATED DIAGRAMS AND DARKEN THE APPROPRIATE CIRCLES ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET. NOTE THAT TWO CIRCLES MUST BE DARKENED FOR EACH QUESTION. (TWO POINTS EACH)

FOR QUESTIONS 51-53, REFER TO THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM:

51. Which structure is affected by ADH?



52. Identify the afferent arteriole



53. Identify the descending limb of the loop of Henle

FOR QUESTIONS 54-55, REFER TO THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM:

54. Identify the ureter



55. Identify the abdominal aorta

FOR QUESTIONS 56-57, REFER TO THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM:

56. Which organ is lined with a moist, stratified squamous epithelium?



57. Within which organ is the majority of water reabsorbed?

FOR QUESTIONS 58-60, REFER TO THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM:

58. Into the lumen of which organ is bile secreted?



59. Which organ secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl)?



60. Veins arising from which organ drain directly into the inferior vena cava?

ANSWERS

            1.  E                  11.  A                   21.  E                   31. A                    41. C                    51.  B+D
            2.  A                  12.  C                   22.  D                   32. A                    42.  C                    52.  A+B
            3.  E                  13.  B                   23.  C                   33. A                    43.  C                    53.  C+D
            4.  C                  14.  C                   24.  D                   34. B                    44.  A                    54.  B+E
            5.  C                  15.  B                   25.  B                   35. A                    45. B                    55.  B+D
            6.  B                  16.  E                   26.  B                   36. B                    46.  E                    56.  A+B
            7.  E                  17.  D                   27.  D                   37. A                    47.  D                    57.  B+D
            8.  B                  18.  C                   28.  D                   38. A                    48.  C                    58.  A+E
            9.  C                  19.  B                   29.  E                   39.  C                   49.  E                   59.  B+E
          10.  B                  20.  D                   30.  E                   40.  D                   50.  B                   60.  B+D