MCP HAHNEMANN UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF ARTS & SCIENCES

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I EXAMINATION 3

November 17, 1998

QUESTIONS 1-32: CHOOSE THE SINGLE BEST ANSWER TO EACH QUESTION AND DARKEN THE CORRESPONDING CIRCLE ON THE ANSWER SHEET. (2 POINTS EACH)

  1. Which of the following muscles of the leg plantar flexes the foot without inverting or everting the foot?
    1. Biceps femoris
    2. Gastrocnemius
    3. Tibialis anterior
    4. Peroneus longus
    5. Tibialis posterior


  2. What is the principal action of the biceps brachii muscle?
    1. Abduction
    2. Extension
    3. Adduction
    4. Pronation
    5. Supination


  3. Which of the following actions is NOT exhibited by the deltoid muscle?
    1. Adduction
    2. Extension
    3. Flexion
    4. Lateral rotation
    5. Medial rotation


  4. Which of the following muscles flexes the vertebral column?
    1. Erector spinae
    2. Gluteus maximus
    3. Rectus abdominis
    4. Tensor fasciae latae
    5. Tibialis anterior


  5. Which of the following muscles is NOT a member of the rotator cuff group?
    1. Infraspinatus
    2. Subscapularis
    3. Supraspinatus
    4. Teres major
    5. Teres minor


  6. Which of the following muscles is NOT a flexor?
    1. Biceps femoris
    2. Brachialis
    3. Iliacus
    4. Pectoralis major
    5. Triceps


  7. Which of the following muscles can produce flexion at the shoulder and at the elbow?
    1. Biceps brachii
    2. Brachialis
    3. Brachioradialis
    4. Deltoid
    5. Pectoralis major


  8. Which of the following muscles dorsiflexes and inverts the foot?
    1. Gastrocnemius
    2. Peroneus longus
    3. Peroneus brevis
    4. Tibialis anterior
    5. Tibialis posterior


  9. Which of the following muscles turns the palm anteriorly or superiorly?
    1. Brachialis
    2. Brachioradialis
    3. Pronator teres
    4. Supinator
    5. Triceps


  10. Which muscle of the quadriceps muscle group produces flexion at the hip and extension at the knee?
    1. Biceps femoris
    2. Rectus femoris
    3. Vastus intermedius
    4. Vastus lateralis
    5. Vastus medialis


  11. The eyelids are opened by the ______________________ muscle.
    1. levator labii superioris
    2. levator palpebrae superioris
    3. orbicularis oculi
    4. orbicularis oris
    5. zygomaticus major


  12. What is the major antagonist of the triceps muscle?
    1. Supraspinatus
    2. Brachialis
    3. Latissimus dorsi
    4. Supraspinatus
    5. Teres major


  13. Which of the following muscles is NOT an extensor?
    1. Gluteus maximus
    2. Erector spinae
    3. Semitendinosus
    4. Triceps
    5. Vastus lateralis


  14. What is the action of the gracilis muscle at the hip?
    1. Abduction
    2. Adduction
    3. Extension
    4. Flexion
    5. Lateral rotation


  15. Which of the following muscles DOES NOT have actions at two joints?
    1. Biceps brachii
    2. Biceps femoris
    3. Brachialis
    4. Sartorius
    5. Triceps


  16. Which of the following muscles DOES NOT flex the thigh?
    1. Iliacus
    2. Psoas major
    3. Sartorius
    4. Vastus medialis
    5. All of the muscles above are flexors of the thigh


  17. Which of the following nerves is a sensory nerve?
    1. Dorsal (or posterior) ramus
    2. Dorsal (or posterior) root
    3. Spinal nerve
    4. Ventral (or anterior) ramus
    5. Ventral (or anterior) root


  18. Which of the following correctly traces the path of a basic reflex arc?
    1. Stimulus, association neuron, afferent neuron, motor neuron, response
    2. Stimulus, sensory neuron, association neuron, motor neuron, effector (muscle or gland), response
    3. Stimulus, ventral root, neurolemmocyte, spinal nerve, effector
    4. Sensory neuron, association neuron, unipolar neuron, effector, response
    5. Stimulus, astrocyte, association neuron, motor neuron, effector, response


  19. Nodes of Ranvier (or neurolemmal nodes)
    1. represent patches of "naked" axon, where action potentials can occur.
    2. represent the nuclei of neurolemmocytes.
    3. represent ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum.
    4. are present only in the posterior grey horn of spinal cord.
    5. are present in the PNS, but not the CNS.


  20. The cauda equina
    1. represents the lumbar plexus.
    2. is derived from pia mater.
    3. represents dorsal and ventral rootlets.
    4. represents spinal nerves.
    5. represents sensory neurons only.


  21. The femoral nerve arises as a branch of the _______________ plexus.
    1. brachial
    2. cervical
    3. lumbar
    4. sacral
    5. thoracic


  22. The filum terminale
    1. is invisible to the naked eye.
    2. is an extension of the arachnoid.
    3. is the smallest of the ventral roots.
    4. anchors the spinal cord to the dura mater.
    5. None of the above


  23. The epidural space
    1. contains fat and blood vessels.
    2. contains cerebrospinal fluid.
    3. is a potential space, not an actual space.
    4. contains denticulate ligaments.
    5. contains the cauda equina.


  24. In the crossed-extensor reflex, if the right psoas major and iliacus muscles are contracting,
    1. the left gastrocnemius must also contract.
    2. the left quadriceps will contract.
    3. the left foot experienced the initial pain stimulus.
    4. the left hamstrings muscles must contract to prevent falling down.
    5. the right quadriceps must also contract.


  25. Which of the following nerves innervates the diaphragm?
    1. Axillary
    2. Median
    3. Phrenic
    4. Obturator
    5. Vagus


  26. The brachial plexus innervates the
    1. abdominal wall.
    2. gluteal muscles.
    3. lower extremity.
    4. neck.
    5. upper extremity.


  27. Concerning the tendon reflex,
    1. it is a contralateral reflex arc.
    2. it is designed to adjust the level of contraction to match the load on the muscle.
    3. the reflex is activated by the muscle spindle.
    4. when the reflex is activated in the biceps brachii muscle, the muscles which extend the elbow will contract.
    5. when the reflex is activated in the triceps muscle, the muscles which flex the wrist will contract.


  28. The sciatic nerve arises as a branch of the _______________ plexus.
    1. brachial
    2. cervical
    3. lumbar
    4. sacral
    5. solar


  29. If the brachialis muscle is contracting as part of the withdrawal reflex, which of the following muscles would you expect to be relaxing (i.e., inhibited from contracting)?
    1. Biceps brachii
    2. Brachioradialis
    3. Forearm flexors
    4. Pectoralis major
    5. Triceps


  30. During the stretch reflex,
    1. the motor neurons innervating the muscle being stretched are stimulated.
    2. the motor neurons innervating the antagonist of the muscle being stretched are stimulated.
    3. motor neurons in multiple spinal segments are stimulated.
    4. the motor neurons innervating the muscle being stretched are inhibited.
    5. both the agonistic muscle and the antagonistic muscle are stimulated.


  31. In the crossed-extensor reflex, if the right quadriceps muscles are contracting, the
    1. right gastrocnemius will also contract.
    2. left quadriceps will also contract.
    3. left foot experienced the initial pain stimulus.
    4. right hamstrings muscles must contract to prevent falling down.
    5. right psoas major and iliacus muscles will also contract.


  32. Turning the head to rotate the face to the opposite side is the action of which of the following muscles?
    1. Deltoid
    2. Pectoralis major
    3. Platysma
    4. Sternocleidomastoid
    5. Trapezius


DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 33-48, DARKEN "A" IF THE STATEMENT IS TRUE OR DARKEN "B" IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE. (1 POINT EACH)

  1. Acetylcholine is released from the axon terminals of the motoneuron because Ca++ ions enter the axon terminals.


  2. During the repolarization phase of the action potential of skeletal muscle, the membrane potential is changing in the direction of the Na+ equilibrium potential.


  3. When neurotransmitter molecules complex with their receptors on the muscle cell membrane, chemically-gated Na+ channels are opened.


  4. Voltage-gated Na+ channels are open during the depolarization phase of the muscle cell action potential.


  5. The passage of the action potential over the membrane of the transverse tubules causes voltage-gated Na+ channels in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to open.


  6. The resting membrane potential of skeletal muscle is equal to the K+ equilibrium potential.


  7. In skeletal muscle, myosin-binding sites are present on the thick myofilaments.


  8. In skeletal muscle, the binding of Ca++ to Ca++-binding sites causes the myosin and actin molecules to detach from each other.


  9. Ca++-binding sites are present on the tropomyosin molecules.


  10. During the contraction of skeletal muscle, when the myosin heads swivel, the thin myofilaments are pushed toward the ends of the sarcomere.


  11. The force of muscle contraction is determined by the number of attachments of myosin to actin.


  12. The arrival of an action potential at the axon terminals of the motor neuron causes voltage-gated Ca++ channels to open.


  13. ATP-binding sites are present on the thin myofilaments.


  14. When the membrane potential of the skeletal muscle cell reaches threshold, the first event to occur is the opening of the voltage-gated K+ channels.


  15. In skeletal muscle, the binding of Ca++ causes a change in the shape of troponin-tropomyosin complex, resulting in the uncovering of myosin-binding sites.


  16. The most permeable ion during the depolarization phase of the muscle cell action potential is K+.




DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 49-58: REFER TO THE INDICATED DIAGRAMS AND DARKEN THE APPROPRIATE CIRCLES ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET. NOTE THAT TWO CIRCLES MUST BE DARKENED FOR EACH QUESTION. (TWO POINTS EACH)

FOR QUESTIONS 49-51, REFER TO THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM:

  1. Anterior (or ventral) horn


  2. Motor nerve


  3. Location of the cell bodies of sensory neurons




FOR QUESTIONS 52-54, REFER TO THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM:

  1. Brachioradialis muscle


  2. Tibialis anterior muscle


  3. Sternocleidomastoid muscle




FOR QUESTIONS 55-58, REFER TO THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM:

  1. Latissimus dorsi muscle


  2. Muscle that produces extension at the hip


  3. Biceps femoris muscle


  4. Gastrocnemius muscle




ANSWERS


        1. B                     11. B                    21. C                   31. C                    41. B                  51. A+E
        2. E                     12. B                    22. E                    32. D                    42. B                  52. C+D
        3. A                     13. C                    23. A                   33. A                    43. A                  53. D+E
        4. C                     14. B                    24. B                    34. B                    44. A                  54. A+E
        5. D                     15. C                    25. C                    35. A                    45. B                  55. B+C
        6. E                     16. D                     26. E                    36. A                    46. B                  56. B+E
        7. A                     17. B                     27. D                   37. B                    47. A                  57. C+D
        8. D                     18. B                     28. D                    38. B                   48. B                  58. D+E
        9. D                     19. A                     29. E                    39. B                   49. C+D
      10. B                      20. C                    30. A                    40. B                   50. B+E