Bioterrorism: A Biological and Chemical Resource Guide
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Bibliographies / Review Papers

Bibliographies are tertiary sources of information, providing organized lists of citations to other works (such as books, journal articles, conference proceedings, etc.). A good bibliography, which can form the bedrock of a literature search, is organized by topic, comprehensive in scope, and annotated to provide a short abstract of the citations included. In a sense, the author of a well organized bibliography has taken the time to do a search for you so you can go right to the information you need. A bibliography can also have the advantage of including citations to works that may not be easily found in electronic databases due to age or unusual perspective.

Bibliographies can be found in most library catalogues by searching for the topic of interest (i.e. “biological warfare” or “chemical warfare”), with the additional Library of Congress heading search term “Bibliography”. They are often shelved in the Reference section of the library and/or in the “Z” section of collections that use Library of Congress call numbers.

Review papers, which are often cited in bibliographies, are peer-reviewed journal articles that provide a retrospective on a particular topic or survey recent developments in a particular field. Most provide information on a variety of aspects on a topic and can include several hundred citations.


 

Bibliographies
Entries in the Bibliography section are organized alphabetically.

Bartone, John C. Bartone’s Guidebook of Biological Warfare; Index of Modern Information. 1st edition. Washington, D.C.: Abbe Publishers Association, 1990.

Not well organized, but covers a wide range of topics. Contains 272 citations. 175 pages.


Bibliography of Bioethics. Leroy Walters, Taner Joy Kahn, and Doris Muller Goldstein, editors. Washington, D.C.: Kennedy Institute of Ethics -- Georgetown University, 2002.

Annual bibliography that indexes all holdings of the National Reference Center for Bioethics Literature (NRCRL), and selected papers from the U.S National Library of Medicine PubMed / MEDLINE and NLM’s LOCATOR Plus database. The section titled “War” holds many citations regarding chemical and biological weapons.


Croddy, Eric. Chemical and Biological Warfare: An Annotated Bibliography. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1997.

Extensive annotated bibliography on all aspects of chemical and biological warfare, with an emphasis on policy issues and international relations. Includes an introduction, a list of relevant periodicals, and internet resources. Contains over 2000 citations in a well-organized fashion. Highly recommended. 429 pages.

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Meeker, Thomas A. Chemical/Biological Warfare. Los Angeles: Los Angeles Center for the Study of Armament and Disarmament, California State University, 1972.

Bibliography directed towards undergraduate students looking for an introduction to technical and political issues concerning chemical and biological warfare. Includes citations in both technical and popular periodicals. Date of publication (1972) may reduce the utility of this work with regard to technical content. 27 pages.


Robinson, Julian Perry. Chemical/Biological Warfare; An Introduction and Bibliography. Los Angeles: California State University Center for the Study of Armament and Disarmament, 1974.
34 pages

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Review Papers
Entries in the Review Papers section are segregated by broad topics and arranged alphabetically.

The review papers provided in this section represent selected review articles in English appearing in the last five years (1998-2003) on the topics of chemical weapons, biological weapons, bioterrorism, and weapons of mass destruction. Papers on non-technical aspects of CBW are included if they appeared in journals aimed at a technical audience. Abstracts for most of the papers can be found in SciSearch, BIOSIS, Annual Reviews, or Chemical Abstracts. Most papers were classified as “reviews” by the abstracting services. Number of cited references is included for selected papers.

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Topics:
History of chemical and biological weapons
General Scientific Review Articles
Scientific Reviews -- Specific Agents
Detection and Prevention of CBW agents
Public health, policy, and preparedness
Primary Medical Care Issues
Non-proliferation and Arms Control
Military Affairs
Restrictions on Scientific Research Publication

History:
Leitenberg, M. “Resolution of the Korean War biological warfare allegations.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 24 (1998): 169-194. (61 references)

Marty, Aileen M. “History of the development and use of biological weapons.” Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 21 (2001): 421-434.

Roffey, R., A. Tegnell, F. Elgh. “Biological warfare in a historical perspective.” Clinical Microbiology and Infection 8 (2002): 450-454. (10 references)

Vilensky, J.A., K. Redman. “British anti-Lewisite (dimercaprol): An amazing history.” Annals of Emergency Medicine 41 (2003): 378-383. (36 references)

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General Scientific Review Articles:
Atlas, Ronald M. “Bioterrorism before and after September 11.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 27 (2001): 355-397.

Atlas, Ronald M. “Bioterrorism: from threat to reality.” Annual Review of Microbiology 56 (2002): 167-185. (59 references)

Beeching, Nicholas J. et. al. “Biological warfare and bioterrorism.” British Journal of Medicine 324 (2002): 336-339.

Casadevall, Arturo. “Passive antibody administration (immediate immunity) as a specific defense against biological weapons.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 8 (2002): 833-841.

Daly, Michael J. “The emerging impact of genomics on the development of biological weapons: threats and benefits posed by engineered extremophiles.” Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 21 (2001): 619-629.

DaSilva, Adilson D., Maura V. DeAlmeida, Marcus V.N. deSouza; Mara R.C. Couri. “Biological activity and synthetic metodologies for the preparation of fluoroquinolones, a class of potent antibacterial agents.” Current Medicinal Chemistry 10 (2003): 21-39.

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Evinson, D, D. Hinsley, P. Rice, “Chemical Weapons.” British Medical Journal 324 (2002): 332-335. (22 references)

Georgopapadakou, N.H. “Infectious disease 2001: drug resistance, new drugs.” Drug Resistance Updates 5 (2002): 181-191.

Hawley, Robert J and Edward M. Eitzen, Jr. “Biological weapons: a primer for microbiologists.” Annual Review of Microbiology 55 (2001): 235-353.

Hillman, M.R. “Overview: cause and prevention in biowarfare and bioterrorism.” Vaccine 20 (2002): 3055-3067. (102 references)

Karalliedde, L., H. Wheeler, R. Maclehose, V. Murray. “Review article - Possible immediate and long-term health effects following exposure to chemical warfare agents.” Public Health 114 (2000): 238-248. (95 references)

Klietmann, W.F. and K.L. Ruoff. “Bioterrorism: implications for the clinical microbiologist.” Clinical Microbiology Reviews 14 (2001): 364-381.

Kotulova, Daniela and Livia Slobodnikova. “Newly emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.” Biologia 56 (2001): 3-7.

Leitenberg, Milton. “Biological weapons in the twentieth century: a review and analysis.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 27 (2001): 267-320.

Lutwick, L.I. “Vaccines for category A bioterrorism diseases.” Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2 (2002): 883-893. (68 references)

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Madsen, James M. “Toxins as weapons of mass destruction: a comparison and contrast with biological-warfare and chemical warfare agents.” Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 21 (2001): 593-605.

Marty, Aileen M., Richard M. Conran, Mark G. Kortepeter. “Recent challenges in infectious diseases: biological pathogens as weapons and emerging endemic threats.” Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 21 (2001): 411-420.

Martyny, John, Craig S. Glazer, Lee S. Newman, “Respiratory protection.” New England Journal of Medicine 347 (2002): 824-830.

McGovern, Thomas W., George W. Christopher, Edward M. Eitzen, “Cutaneous manifestations of biological warfare and related threat agents.” Archives of Dermatology 135 (1999): 311-322.

Munro, N.B., S.S. Talmage, G.D. Griffin, L.C. Waters, A.P. Watson, J.F. King, V. Hauschild. “The sources, fate, and toxicity of chemical warfare agent degradation products.” Environmental Health Perspectives 107 (1999): 933-974. (398 references).

Navas, E. “Problems associated with potential massive use of antimicrobial agents as prophylaxis or therapy of bioterrorist attack.” Clinical Microbiology and Infection 8 (2002): 534-539. (37 references)

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Smee, Donald F and Robert W. Sidwell. “A review of compounds exhibiting anti-orthopoxvirus activity in animal models.” Antiviral Research 57 (2003): 41-52. (103 references)

Whitby, Simon M. “The potential use of plant pathogens against crops.” Microbes and Infection 3 (2001): 73-80.

Wimer, Bruce M. “Mitogen therapy for biological warfare/terrorist attacks and viral hemorrhagic fever control.” Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals 17 (2002): 19-28.

Scientific Reviews: Specific agents:
Abu-Qare, A.W. and M.B. Abou-Donia. “Sarin: health effects, metabolism, and methods of analysis.” Food and Chemical Toxicology 40 (2002): 1327-1333. (75 references)

Bray, Mike. “Defense against filoviruses used as biological weapons.” Antiviral Research 57 (2003): 53-60.

Caya, J.G. “Clostridium botulinum and the ophthalmologist: a review of botulism, including biological warfare ramifications of botulinum toxin.” Survey of Ophthalmology 46 (2001): 25-34. (132 references)

Charrel, Remi N. and Xavier deLamballerie. “Arenaviruses and other than Lassa virus.” Antiviral Research 57 (2003): 89-100.

Clement, Jan P. “Hantavirus.” Antiviral Research 57 (2003): 121-127.

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Coenye, Tom and John J. LiPuma. “Molecular epidemiology of Burkholderia species.” Frontiers in Bioscience 8 (2003): 55-67.

Dixon, D.M. “Coccidioides immitis as a select agent of bioterrorism.” Journal of Applied Microbiology 91 (2001): 602-605.

Elner, P.D. “Smallpox: gone but not forgotten.” Infection 26 (1998): 263-269.

Glukhovtsev M.N., R.D. Bach, C.J. Nagel. “A high-level computational study on the thermochemistry and thermal decomposition of sulfur mustard (2,2'-dichloroethyl sulfide): A chemical warfare agent.” Journal of Physical Chemistry A 102 (1998): 3438-3446. (99 references)

Gritsun, T.S.; V.A. Lashkevich, E.A. Gould. “Tick-borne encephalitis.” Antiviral Research 57 (2003): 129-146. (181 references)

Jamal, G.A. “Gulf War Syndrome - a model for the complexity of biological and environmental interaction with human health.” Adverse Drug Reactions and Toxicological Reviews 17 (1998): 1-17. (55 references)

Jedrzejas, M.J. “The structure and function of novel proteins of Bacillus anthracis and other spore-forming bacteria: Development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic agents.” Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 37 (2002): 339-373. (128 references)

Jernigan, John A., et. al. “Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: the first 10 cases reported in the United States.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 7 (2001): 933-944.

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Krug, Robert M. “The potential use of influenza virus as an agent for bioterrorism.” Antiviral Research 57 (2003): 147-150.

Lam, Sai-Kit. “Nipah virus: a potential agent of bioterrorism?” Antiviral Research 57 (2003): 113-119.

Mahy, B.W.J. “An overview on the use of a viral pathogen as a bioterrorism agent: why smallpox?” Antiviral Research 57 (2003): 1-5.

Malhotra, R.C., K. Ganesan, K. Sugendran, R.V. Swamy. “Chemistry and toxicology of sulphur mustard - A review.” Defence Science Journal 49 (1999): 97-116. (125 references)

Mourez, M., D.B. Lacy, K. Cunningham, R. Legmann, B.R. Sellman, J. Mogridge, R.J. Collier. “2001: a year of major advances in anthrax toxin research.” Trends in Microbiology 10 (2002): 287-293.

Parkhill, J. et. al. “Genome sequence of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague.” Nature 413 (2001): 532-527.

Pepper, Ian L. and Terry J. Gentry. “Incidence of Bacillus anthracis in soil.” Soil Science 167 (2002): 627-635.

Pile, James, C., John D. Malone, Edward M. Eitzen, Arthur M. Friedlander, “Anthrax as a potential biological warfare agent.” Archives of Internal Medicine 158 (1998): 429-434.

Raushel, F.M. “Bacterial detoxification of organophosphate nerve agents.” Current Opinion in Microbiology 5 (2002): 288-295. (37 references)

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Schmid, G. and A. Kaufmann. “Anthrax in Europe: its epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and role in bioterrorism.” Clinical Microbiology and Infection 8 (2002): 479-488. (34 references)

Schmidt, T.J. “Toxic activities of sesquiterpene lactones: Structural and biochemical aspects.” Current Organic Chemistry 3 (1999): 577-608. (250 references).

Sidwell, Robert W. and Donald F. Smee. “Viruses of the Bunya- and Togaviridae families: potential as bioterrorism agents and means of control.” Antiviral Research 57 (2003): 101-111.

Sorvillo, Frank, Lawrence R. Ash, O.G.W. Berlin, JoAnne Yatabe, Chris Degiorgio, Stephen A. Morse, “Baylisascaris procyonis: an emerging helminthic zoonosis.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 8 (2002): 355-359.

Sugendran, K., P. Kumar, R. Vijayaraghavan. “Treatment for sulphur mustard poisoning - A review.” Defence Science Journal 48 (1998): 155-162. (39 references)

Swartz, Morton N. “Recognition and management of anthrax: an update.” New England Journal of Medicine 345 (2001): 1621-1626.

Vayron, P., P.Y. Renard, A. Valleix, C. Mioskowski. “Design and synthesis of an alpha,alpha-difluorophosphinate hapten for antibody-catalyzed hydrolysis of organophosphorus nerve agents.” Chemistry-A European Journal 6 (2000): 1050-1063. (115 references)

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Veenema, Tener G. “Safeguarding our nation’s children: the diagnosis, management, and containment of smallpox in infants and children.” Biological Research for Nursing 4 (2003): 295-304.

Whitley, Richard J. “Smallpox: a potential agent of bioterrorism.” Antiviral Research 57 (2003): 7-12.

Winder, C. “The toxicology of chloine.” Environmental Research 85 (2001): 105-114. (102 references)

Young, R.A., D.M. Opresko, A.P. Watson, R.H. Ross, J. King, H. Choudhury. “Deriving toxicity values for organophosphate nerve agents: A position paper in support of the procedures and rationale for deriving oral RfDs for chemical warfare nerve agents.” Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 5 (1999): 598-634. (142 references)

anon. “Review of the Review of the US Army's health risk assessments for oral exposure to six chemical-warfare agents - Summary.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health -- Part A 59 (2000): 285+. (330 references)

Detection and Prevention:
Bayley, Hagan and Paul S. Cremer. “Stochastic sensors inspired by biology.” Nature 413 (2001): 226-230.

Collins, D.C. and M.L. Lee. “Developments in ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry.” Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 372 (2002): 66-73. (66 references)

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Culpepper, Randall C. and William D. Pratt. “Advances in medical biological defense technology.” Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 21 (2001): 679-689.

Driks, Adam. “Maximum shields: the assembly and function of the bacterial spore coat.” Trends in Microbiology 10 (2002): 251-254.

Fraser, Claire M. and Malcolm R. Dando. “Genomics and future biological weapons: the need for preventive action by the biomedical community.” Nature Genetics 29 (2001): 253-256.

Grunow, R. and E.J. Finke. “A procedure for differentiating between the intentional release of biological warfare agents and natural outbreaks of disease: its use in analyzing the tularemia outbreak in Kosovo in 1999 and 2000.” Clinical Microbiology and Infection 8 (2002): 510-521. (26 references)

Hooijschuur E.W.J., C.E. Kientz, U.A.T. Brinkman. “Analytical separation techniques for the determination of chemical warfare agents.” Journal of Chromatography A 982 (2002): 177-200. (124 references)

Iqbal, S.S., M.W. Mayo, J.G. Bruno, B.V. Bronk, C.A. Batt, J.P. Chambers. “A review of molecular recognition technologies for detection of biological threat agents.” Biosensors & Bioelectronics 15 (2000): 549-578. (125 references)

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Kientz C.E. “Chromatography and mass spectrometry of chemical warfare agents,
toxins and related compounds: state of the art and future prospects.” Journal of Chromatography A 814 (1998): 1-23. (121 references)

Noort, D., H.P. Benschop, R.M. Black. “Biomonitoring of exposure to chemical warfare agents: A review.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 184 (2002): 116-126. (80 references)

Nulens, E. and A. Voss. “Laboratory diagnosis and biosafety issues of biological warfare agents.” Clinical Microbiology and Infection 8 (2002): 455-466. (22 references)

Pancrazio, J.J., J.P. Whelan, D.A. Borkholder, W. Ma, D.A. Stenger. “Development and application of cell-based biosensors.” Annals of Biomedical Engineering 27 (1999): 697-711. (157 references).

Settles, Gary S., William J.McGann. “Potential for portal detection of human chemical and biological contamination.” Proceedings of the International Society for Optical Engineering 4378 (2001): 1-9.

Woodall, J. “The roll of computer networking in investigating unusual disease outbreaks and allegations of biological and toxin weapons use.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 24 (1998): 255-272. (17 references)

Public health, policy, and preparedness:
Atlas, Ronald M. “The medical threat of biological weapons.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 24 (1998): 157-168. (17 references)

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Bicknell, William and Kenneth James. “The new cell culture smallpox vaccine should be offered to the general population.” Reviews in Medical Virology 13 (2003): 5-15.

Burrows, W.D. and S.E. Renner. “Biological warfare agents as threats to potable water.” Environmental Health Perspectives 107 (1999): 975-984. (75 references)

Carus, W.S. “Biological warfare threats in perspective.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 24 (1998): 149-155. (13 references)

Epstein, Gerald L. “Controlling biological warfare threats: resolving potential tensions among the research community, industry, and the national security community.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 27 (2001): 321-354.

Fidler, D.P. “Facing the global challenges posed by biological weapons.” Microbes and Infection 1 (1999): 1059-1066. (48 references)

Griffiths, P.D. “Benefits of bioterrorism.” Reviews in Medical Virology 12 (2002): 131-132.

Henderson, Donald A. et. al. “Smallpox as a biological weapon: medical and public health management.” JAMA 281 (1999): 2127-2137.

Hilleman, M.R. “Overview: cause and prevention in biowarfare and bioterrorism.” Vaccine 20 (2002): 3055-3067.

Inglesby, Thomas V. et. al. “Anthrax as a biological weapon: medical and public health management.” JAMA 281 (1999): 1735-1745.

Jortani, Saeed A., James W. Snyder, Roland Valdes, Jr. “The role of the clinical laboratory in managing chemical or biological terrorism.” Clinical Chemistry 46 (2000): 1883-1983.

Kahn, Ali S., Stephen Morse, Scott Lillibridge. “Public health preparedness for biological terrorism in the USA.” Lancet 356 (2000): 1179-1182.

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Kassa, J. “Review of oximes in the antidotal treatment of poisoning by organophosphorus nerve agents.” Journal of Toxicology -- Clinical Toxicology 40 (20020: 803-816. (58 references)

Lane, J.M. “Evaluation of 21st-century risks of smallpox vaccination policy options.” Annals of Internal Medicine 138 (2003): 488-493.

Meltzer, Martin I., Inger Damon, James W. LeDuc, J. Donald Millar. “Modeling potential responses to smallpox as a bioterrorist weapon.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 7 (2001): 959-969.

Memish, Ziad A. and Manuel W. Mah. “Are Saudi Arabian hospitals prepared for the threat of biological weapons?” Saudi Medical Journal 22 (2001): 6-9. (14 references)

Okumura, Tetsu, et. al. “Preparedness against nerve agent terrorism.” American Chemical Society Symposium Series -- Natural and Selected Synthetic Toxins 745 (2000): 356-368.

Pearson, G.S. and B. Robert. “Defending against biological attack: importance of biotechnology in preparedness.” Defence Science Journal 51 (2001): 377-392. (37 references).

Roffey, R., K. Lantorp, A. Tegnell, F. Elgh. “Biological weapons and bioterrorism preparedness: importance of public-health awareness and international cooperation.” Clinical Microbiology and Infection 8 (2002): 522-528. (22 references)

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Tanno, Sakiko. “Importance of National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Institutes of Public Health on control of infectious diseases in the new century.” Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 55 (2003) 181-182.

Primary Medical Care Issues:
Ben, Abraham Ron, Valery Rudick, Avi A. Weinbroum. “Practical guidelines for acute care of victims of bioterrorism: conventional injuries and concomitant nerve agent intoxication.” Anesthesiology (Hagerstown) 97 (2002): 989-1004.

Burgess, Timothy H., Keith E. Steele, Bruce A. Schoneboom, Franziska, B. Grieder. “Clinicopathologic features of viral agents of potential use by bioterrorists.” Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 21 (2001): 475-493.

Centers for Disease Control. “Vaccinia (Smallpox) vaccine: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 50 (2001): 1-25.

Cieslak, T.J. and F.M. Henretig, “Ring-a-ring-a-roses: bioterrorism and its peculiar relevance to pediatrics.” Current Opinion in Pediatrics 15 (2003): 107-111.

Cieslak, T.J. et. al. “Immunization against potential biological warfare agents.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 30 (2000): 843-850.

Coleman O. Martin and Harold P. Adams, Jr. “Neurological Aspects of Biological and Chemical Terrorism: A Review for Neurologists.” Archives of Neurology 2003; 60: 21-25.

Cunha, B.A. “Anthrax, tularemia, plague, ebola or smallpox as agents of bioterrorism: recognition in the emergency room.” Clinical Microbiology and Infection 8 (2002): 489-503. (55 references)

DiGiovanni, Cleto Jr. “Domestic terrorism with chemical or biological agents: psychiatric aspects.” American Journal of Psychiatry 156 (1999): 1500-1505.

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Franz, David R. et. al. “Clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents.” Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 21 (2001): 435-473.

Gilligan, Peter H. “Therapeutic challenges posed by bacterial bioterrorism threats.” Current Opinion in Microbiology 5 (2002): 489-495.

Karalliedde, L. “Organophosphorus poisoning and anaesthesia.” Anaesthesia 54 (1999): 1073-1088. (158 references)

Leikin, J.B.; R.G. Thomas, F.G. Walter, R. Klein, H.W. Meislin. “A review of nerve agent exposure for the critical care physician.” Critical Care Medicine 30 (2002): 2346-2354. (37 references)

Martin, Gregory J. and Aileen M. Marty. “Clinicopathologic aspects of bacterial agents.” Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 21 (2001): 513-548.

Misita, Caron P., Andrea B. Boosinger, Michael G. Kendrach. “Bioterrorism Web sites for pharmacists.” Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37 (2003): 132-135.

Roos, Karen L. and Nancy L. Eckerman. “The smallpox vaccine and postvaccinal encephalitis.” Seminars in Neurology 22 (2002): 95-98.

Sardesai, A.M., N.M.Brown, D.K. Menon. “Deliberate release of biological agents.” Anaesthesia 57 (2002): 1067-1082. (48 references)

Terriff, Colleen M, Mike D. Schwartz, Ben M. Lomaestro, “Bioterrorism: pivotal clinical issues: consensus review of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists.” Pharmacotherapy 23 (2003): 274-290.

White, S.M. “Chemical and biological weapons. Implications for anaesthesia and intensive care.” British Journal of Anaesthesia 89 (2002): 306-324. (129 references)

Non-proliferation and Arms Control:
Fidler, David P. “Facing the global challenges posed by biological weapons.” Microbes and Infection 1 (1999): 1059-1066.

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Roberts, B. “Export controls and biological weapons: new roles, new challenges.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 24 (1998): 235-254.

Shoham, Dany. “Iraq’s biological warfare agents: a comprehensive analysis.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 26 (2000): 179-204.

Zilinskas, R.A. “Cuban allegations of biological warfare by the United States: assessing the evidence.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 25 (1999): 173-227.

Zilinskas, R.A. “Verifying compliance to the biological and toxin weapons convention.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 24 (1998): 195-218. (125 references)


Military Affairs:
Hyams, Kenneth C., James Riddle, David H. Trump, John T. Graham. “Endemic infectious diseases and biological warfare during the Gulf War: a decade of analysis and final concerns.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 65 (2001): 664-670.

Kelly, Daryl J., Allen L. Richards, Joseph Temenak, Daniel Strickman, Gregory A. Dasch, “The past and present threat of rickettsial diseases to military medicine and international public health.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 34, supplement 4 (2002): s145-s169.

Mathew, T.L. “Biotechnology in defence.” Defence Science Journal 51 (2001): 393-399. (21 references)

MacLeod, R. “’Strictly for the birds’": Science, the military and the Smithsonian's Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program, 1963-1970”. Journal of the History of Biology 34 (2001): 315-352. (127 references)

Reutter, S. “Hazards of chemical weapons release during war: New perspectives.” Environmental Health Perspectives 107 (1999): 985-990. (105 references)

Still, Kenneth R., Warren W. Jederberg, Glenn D. Ritchie, John Rossi, III. “Exposure assessment and the health of deployed forces.” Drug Chemical Toxicology 25 (2002): 383-401.

Restrictions on Scientific Research Publication:
Check, Erika. “Biologists Apprehensive Over US Moves to Censor Information Flow.” Nature
415 (2002): 821+.

Check, Erika. “Journals tighten up on biosecurity.” Nature 421 (2003): 774+.

Gewin, Virginia. “Security Worries Stifle Report on Agricultural Bioterror.” Nature 419 (2002): 99+.

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